Iowa city and Rochester, MN

 University of Iowa is in Iowa City, and is 190 miles south of Rochester, MN. The former is soon to have the latest high-performance head gradient coil called MAGNUS, and the latter is the home of the world's first and only compact 3T human scanner made by GE Global Research. I travelled to both places in the past week. The biomedical building of Univ. of Iowa, called Papajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, is similar in many ways to the N Center in SKKU, albeit at a larger scale. It was built in 2014 with private and state funding, and houses a Neuroscience research center and a Biomedical imaging center, along with a few others related to medical research. Its MR Research Facility (https://medicine.uiowa.edu/mri/equipment-information) has Signa 7T and Premier 3T human MRI scanners (both by GE), as well as a 7T animal MRI scanner. Hopefully the new MAGNUS installation will further strengthen the Iowa-GE research partnership.

Educational video for submission and for the public

It took many tens of hours to prepare materials for and give final touches to creating a 3 min video! I finally uploaded a short video to explain the concept and experiments on high-field magnetic damping:  https://vimeo.com/826393926?share=copy. This was motivated by "Magnetic Moments" competition at this year's ISMRM meeting in June, but the recording is useful regardless of the competition outcome. (And uploading in a personal site is permitted.) Maybe this is one way to capture "Intellectual Moments" and preserve them in the digital world for the posterity.

Publishing MR engineering papers on an (applied) physics journal

Finally the Green's function paper was published in Journal of Applied Physics. This is the second time I am publishing here, following the magnetic Johnson noise paper of 2008 which has been quite popular. This time, the manuscript was originally intended for and submitted to IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, but it was rejected there in the hands of reviewers from the traditional MR engineering community. As an aside, I should start a website that posts rejected papers along with the rejection comments. It will showcase some egregious peer reviews. Anyway, publishing in JAP for the first time in 15 years made me realize a few things.

(1) The journal's management seems to have been improved (although my memory of 2008 is faint), with fast processing and reasonable editorial policies (e.g., manuscript formatting). I can see the efforts by the journal (or publisher) to promote citation ("automatically recommend your paper to 10 people"), increase revenue (pdf file now has first-page advertisement), and prevent illegal mirror sites (watermark on the right side of every page) 

(2) The journal layout and fonts are generally very readable and agreeable. The equations are definitely looking nicer than in say NeuroImage, and the word count per page is suitable for equation-heavy contents.

(3) Most importantly, the review focus was more on technical/methodological rigor than historical context and application prospects. In a sense this is akin to the approach of say Scientific Reports, but without collection of a publication charge.

Overall, applied physics journals appear to be a good vehicle for MR physics and engineering papers in an era of proliferating APC's (article processing charges) and dubious peer reviews.

ISMRM 2023 abstract announcement

 The ISMRM conference committee has announced abstract acceptance decision on 2/2. The full list of accepted abstracts appeared to contain about 5300 entries, which seems to be a bit smaller in number than previous years. The three abstracts that I submitted were all accepted as a digital poster, in sessions on Wednesday June 7th. Among co-authored submissions, the 2nd-order shim coil-based concomitant field correction abstract was accepted for oral presentation (first-authored by Dr. Ajala). This year the oral presentations will be given only 6 min to finish, which is the same length as the digital poster presentation recordings. Despite reduction in presentation lengths, it does not appear that the number of orals was significantly increased. Shortening of orals may reflect shorter attention spans of modern-day researchers, or simply echoes the organizers' efforts to more democratize the conference given difficulty in judging relative significance of many research submissions on ever-diversifying topics.

Who is citing CIEL?

 I will occasionally feature recent citations to the papers published in the past by the CIEL team. Today's posting surveys the papers that cite Dr. Yoo's habenula paper (Scientific Reports, Nov 9th,. 2020). As of today, Google Scholar lists 5 entries that cited this work, all from outside CIEL. One is a preprint that is under review in Scientific Reports, and the others are peer-reviewed journal publications. Interestingly, one of them is an Editorial in J. Neuroradiology, an official journal of the French Society of Neuroradiology (SFNR). Overall, the citations were made with significant and specific contexts. Barely two years after the publication, this work seems to receive substantial recognition from the scientific community. Full lists and links can be found in Google Scholar.

1. Wang 2022, Quant Imaging Med Surg “Alterations in brain iron deposition with progression of late-life depression measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantitative susceptibility mapping”: This is a human QSM study where the habenula was included in the study design. Yoo et al., appears as ref. 88 (out of 89), in the discussion section, where tissue heterogeneity is mentioned as a source of limitation in their study.

2. Sarkar 2023, Spectroscopy Letters (not free) “Soft X-ray and susceptibility based magnetic resonance imaging to map iron distribution in apples: initial results to model iron storage in water-deficient or dehydrated biological tissue”: 

In this article, Yoo et al., is the 6th out of 35 references. Full text is behind a paywall, but judging from the reference list available from “researchgate.net”, it may have been cited as an example of how susceptibility biomarkers are used in MRI research.

3. Chen 2022, Front Neurosci “Chronic social defeat stress caused region-specific oligodendrogenesis impairment in adolescent mice”: Here Yoo et al., is cited prominently at the beginning of a paragraph in the discussion section introducing the anatomy and function of the habenula.

4. Milotta 2022 (under review in Scientific Reports) “In vivo multi-parameter mapping of the habenula using MRI”: Yoo et al. is #20 out of 43 references. In addition, the CIEL team’s 2017 ISMRM abstract on habenula QSM (with Dr. Anup Bidesi!) is also cited, as #21. The context of citation is limited prior research on habenula QSM. Yoo et al. was cited at least twice, and the second citation accompanied detailed mention of its research outcome (need for high resolution, and Hb susceptibility gradient).

5. Pyatigorskaya 2021, J Neuroradiol. (Editorial) “QSM as a new powerful tool for clinical practice in neuroimaging”: This is the first to cite Yoo et al., and it did so in an Editorial. Interestingly, it also cited Bulumulla et al (2012, CMR-B), where I was the second author. Yoo et al., is #11 out of 29. The citation was used to highlight how QSM allows better habenula visualization in MRI, and thus can help DBS.

GE Research, Magnus, and NYTimes

 A first-ever, "Neuroscience conference" was held at the GRC Niskayuna campus on Dec 6-7. Dr. Tom Foo organized the whole thing, with many well-known (and busy) scientists from the academia attending the multi-day event in person. Alan Koretsky and Peter Bandettini were two of the invited neuro-experts who had in fact been involved in a Korean neuroscience center evaluation a few years ago. Tommy Vaughan was another big-name person who I had met while working in Korea. This conference was spurred by our MAGNUS gradient coil, which had just reached the record power for any head-only gradient coil at 3T the week before. Coincidentally and serendipitously, on the same day (Dec 6) GE had put out a full-page NY Time advertisement with a brain image obtained from MAGNUS (shown above to the left), as part of an unprecedented full-issue takeover of all the printed advertisement space for the day. With MAGNUS, we may be onto something.

icMRI 2022 and ISMRM 2023

 This year's official conference of KSMRM, icMRI 2022, was held in Seoul on Nov 4-5. I presented an invited talk via pre-recorded video, which was the first talk in an MR Engineering session. The talk, 30 min in all, was about dimensional analysis in gradient design based on my recent MRM publication with Matt Bernstein. The organizers posted the talk on-line including moderator introduction and closing remarks for 30 days, from which I was able to capture a few screenshots as shown above. Many thanks to Profs. Ahn Chang-Beom and Moon Chi-Woong for running the session!

Separately, the ISMRM abstract deadline was Nov. 11, and I submitted 3 first-authored works on magnetic damping, eddy current heating, and vector gradient field measurement. All involved a set of analytical equations, which have become my favorite ingredients in recent publications. A big change for the upcoming ISMRM meeting is that oral presentation time is reduced to 6 min, from 12 min. This will allow more abstracts to be selected for an oral, democratizing the conference in general.